Writing is the one of English skill besides reading, listening, and grammar. Each skill has the specific objectivity and different way to teach. But finally some researcher noticed that reading and writing was integrally related. Both skills have the same cognitive and social processes. And both skills are very important to understand text. Students are supposed to use their schemata about form and content of the text. Both skills are difficult to understand. Both skills contain many chapters to be understood by the student. So the student must understand language feature or grammar such as tenses, subject verb agreement, and punctuation and so on. In vice versa, speaking just focus on fluency mean the student are supposed to practice more on speaking. So that’s why students usually read and write the passage more than once because both skills like recursive processes.

Raimes (1991) clarify the changes of second language writing focus since 1960 until 1980 and its impact on today’s writing instruction. In early 1960s, writing was assumed as a means of reinforcing speech patterns. So the objective of the writing learning is about accuracy such as grammar, spelling, punctuation, certain pattern of written text. Then in the early 1970s, writing was viewed as a process of constructing personal meaning. In this case, learning tends to be student-centered. The teacher task is encouraging the student to brainstorm their ideas to get the objectivity. And the early 1980s, the objectivity of writing just focuses on the content of the text such as the pattern of written text. And final 1980s, the writing was viewed as a text understood by the reader. That means the students are supposed to write the text based on what the reader is. For example, the people who read your writing are teacher and students so you must write the writing must deal with IPA and to be formal writing.

As the future teacher, we have to be aware toward the development of second language writing instruction. We have to develop our ideas on teaching method and utilizing technology to get the effective teaching. Some of technology to facilitate writing teaching include online dictionaries, and other.

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Based on the last survey result about citizen amount and its ethics that has been done by BPS (Badan Pusat Statistik), Indonesia has 230 billion people with 1128 ethnics. It proved that Indonesia has the great multiculturalism. Many factors in various aspects caused that phenomenon such as social, economy and geography. One of those factors is geography for example because Indonesian country is spread and separated by ocean. So the people live in the separated island. And it caused them to make their culture, language, identity. Then it was born some ethnics in Indonesia such as Jawa, Sunda, Batak and etc. And they have each typical characteristic as their identity. There are some similar characteristics and also the different one. The diversity seems beautiful but it looks bad when the people debate their different assumption. In 2000, Tionghoa ethnic have just got the freedom to do their spirituality. It is decided by gusdur through Keppres RI No. 6/2000. So that’s why he was called as Bapak Pluralisme.

I was born as Javanese people. Then it formed my personal identity. I live in Jawa. My family was also Javanese people. They always teach me about the culture value. But when I moved to Jakarta which contains so many different ethnics, I feel like I do little movement on my identity towards various ethnics. It means the culture is not the permanent things that can be changed in our selves. However, we can say that it is our habit. In other case, when I asked my friend about their identity, they don’t know their culture yet whether Javanese or Bataknese because she was born in two ethnics of their parents that are Javanese and Bataknese. So she acts their identity as Bataknese which looks rude when she was on Batak. In vise versa, she looks so friendly and soft when she was on Jawa. Then we can say that identity is not born and become the unity of our life. However it is formed by the culture around us.

Multiculturalism was complex problem that causing some conflict in this world. It was not just diversity of culture but also religion, language and etc. it has no solution all this time even forever because they will hold their culture value since they was born till the end of life. The one solution is tolerancing each other. Despite of Indonesia is the Islamic country at most but it still tolerance to other five religions such as Christian, Buddha, Hindu, and catholic, and Tionghoa (conghucu). Based on UUD pasal 29 ayat 1 dan 2, Indonesia is the country relies on one god and guarantee people’s independence to choose their religion and doing spirituality based on their belief.

source: http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-D4BOPAakljk/TWXqyePFcrI/AAAAAAAAAAQ/rSyU0OLOa2M/s1600/identity-fraud1.jpg

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Long time ago, technology is more well-known to be used in business rather than education. So the teacher only teaches with less facility or just does conversation interactively with the student. In that time, speaking learning is more stressed on pronunciation. And the method that teacher use is behaviouristicaudiolingual method. It contains some drilling, pattern practice, and dialog memorization.

Then some educators assume that speaking learning is not all about pronunciation. But the teacher assumed that the fluency is more important rather pronunciation. So it changes the speaking teaching approach. And some educators develop some simple technology to become teaching media such as word card, song, and puppet. It makes speaking learning fun with those kinds of media.

And nowadays, the technology has been developed fast. The teacher is easier to teach speaking skill to student. Teachers use computer in speaking learning. In that learning, the teacher should not merely give instruction because the student will get more instruction in the computer rather than from the teacher. So the teacher only act as facilitator then student will be more interactive with computer. So it will be human to machine interaction.

Perceiving that passage above, we can see high development of speaking learning approach. More over when the technology is developed to become learning media. It changes how the teachers interact with students. It will be easier because learning can be conducted in long distance communication.

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